منابع مشابه
Heavy air pollution suppresses summer thunderstorms in central China
Time series of rainfall, thunderstorms, temperatures, winds and aerosols of 50 years have been analyzed at the Xian valley (1951–2005, rain rates data are only available for the period of 1961–2000 for Xian) and the nearby Mount Hua (1951–2005) in central China, for assessing the impact of the increasing air pollution on convective precipitation. Adding aerosols to pristine air initially increa...
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This paper presents the characteristics of the preliminary breakdown pulses (PBP) in 51 positive ground flashes recorded during 2014 summer thunderstorms in Sweden. Electric field measurements were conducted remotely using a broadband antenna system (up to 100 MHz) for a recording length of 1 s with 200 ms trigger time. In the analysis, PBP trains were observed in 86% of the cases. Based on the...
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The charge transport within thunderclouds by the convective motions of the cloud is examined. I n the presencc of the primary positive dipole, shielding charge distributions are formed within thc lower and upper cloud boundaries as the result of ion conduction from the free air and ion capture by droplets and precipitation in peripheral cloud layers. Cloud droplets positivcly charged by the con...
متن کاملThunderstorms Don’t Get Butterflies
One important limitation on the accuracy of weather forecasts is imposed by unavoidable errors in the specification of the atmosphere’s initial state. Much theoretical concern has been focused on the limits to predictability imposed by small-scale errors, potentially even those on the scale of a butterfly. Very modest errors at much larger scales may nevertheless pose a more important practical...
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We report a study of penetration of the VLF electromagnetic waves induced by lightning to the ionosphere. We compare the fractional hop whistlers recorded by the ICE experiment onboard the DEMETER satellite with lightning detected by the EUCLID detection network. To identify the fractional hop whistlers, we have developed software for automatic detection of the fractional-hop whistlers in the V...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1933
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/131473c0